Voice Over Terms: What you might hear on a voice over project.
If you’re working on an audio production project, like an eLearning module, message on hold recording, or a voice over for an online video you’ll likely hear some jargon in and around the recording studio. We’ve put together a glossary of such terms, to help you better understand our industry and what’s happening as we’re working on your project.
Account Executive
If you work with an agency, this is the person who acts as the liaison between you and the agency. Your sales representative at a radio or television station might also be called an Account Executive. In some cases, On Air is hired by agencies and we also work with your Account Executive.
Ad Lib
A spontaneous voice over addition to your recording that was not in the script, or that is an alteration of the script. Sometimes voice over talent will adlib to make a script sound more natural or to fill required space.
Airtime
The amount of time a media outlet, like a television or radio station, has slotted for a commercial or other production element. Typically, you’ll purchase 10, 15, 30 or 60 seconds of airtime per aired commercial.
Ambience
This is usually a direction in a script, referring to background sound effects that might suggest a location or feeling. For example, people having quiet conversation and dishes clinking would give the listener a restaurant ambience.
Analog
The old-school way of recording that processes and records on tape!
Announcer
This is a role assigned to voice talent in a script. The announcer voice is given specific directions on how the recording should sound.
Articulation
This is clear enunciation by the voice over artist.
Audio
All things sound! This includes the production, transmission and reception of sound.
Background and Bed
The background on your audio production might be music or sound effects. Bed is the music or sound effects used behind a voice actor’s voice recording.
Board
That is the big console the audio engineer uses to record and produce audio. There are faders to adjust volume and mix all the elements of your production.
Boom
A mic stand that points the mic from overhead.
Booth
If you’re voicing something, you’ll be asked to step inside an enclosed, soundproof voice to record your voice into the microphone.
Buy
This refers to the amount of money an advertiser spends on media time for their commercial or promotional campaign. “It was a $5,000 ad buy.”
Cadence
How the voice actor should break or pause between words, usually indicated on the script.
Character
A voiceover actor might be required to play a fictionalized person in the production.
Cold Read
When a voiceover artist has had no time to rehearse or look over the script before reading it for production or an audition.
Commercial
Commercials are commonly referred to as spots. They’re pre-recorded messages advertising a product or service on the radio, television or online.
Control Room
This is where the engineer and/or producer are located with the sound board. This room is separate from the booth.
Copy
This is the text or script that will be read in a voice recording session.
Cue
The signal given to the voice actor, usually by the producer or engineer, to start performing. Cue up is when the voiceover is lined up to visuals or music in the production.
Dead Air
A pause in a voiceover that is too long. When a radio or TV station loses signal or has technical difficulties, they might experience dead air.
Decibel (or dB)
A unit for measuring sound. Zero decibels would be no sound. Over 100 decibels would a be painful amount of sound.
Demo
A recording containing several voiceover samples from a voice artist. This gives you an idea of their range, sound, and capabilities.
Demographics
This refers to a target audience for an advertising campaign or customer base. Demographics usually include age, geographic location, gender, etc.
Dialogue
Refers to two people talking together in a script.
Director
The person responsible for giving a voice actor direction during a recording session. Sometimes the director, engineer and producer are the same person depending on the size of the studio.
Distortion
If there is fuzziness in the sound quality of recorded audio, it’s referred to as distortion.
Donut
Not the kind you eat! A donut is a type of commercial that will have the same beginning and end but changing content in the middle. This allows advertisers to showcase different information, while staying inline with branding for that ad set.
Drop Off and Drop Out
Drop off is when a voice actor doesn’t end a word or phrase strong enough. Drop out is a slight pause inside a recorded phrase or word.
Dry Read
When a voice is recorded with no added music or background sound effects. It can also refer to a style of reading where the actor is factual, adding no embellishments to the read.
Dub or Dubbing
A dub is a duplicate copy of an audio production. Dubbing is the process of transferring recorded audio from one source to another. Dubbing is also the process of replacing dialogue in a foreign film. For example, you can dub an English voice in a German film.
Editing
The arranging of recorded audio. This could mean deleting and adding to it, speeding it up, slowing it down, adding effects, trimming it, etc.
Ellipsis
Three periods in a row…this is used to signify a pause in the script.
Engineer
The person who is operating all the equipment during the voice recording session. Sometimes this person is referred to as the producer.
Equalization
Also referred to as EQ, this is used to stress frequencies in a voice. More bass, less treble, kind of thing.
Fade
To increase or decrease the volume of sound. Fade in and fade out is when a voice actor turns their head into or away from the mic.
Feedback
A high-pitched, distorted sound that blasts through the speakers or headphones. This is usually caused by headphones or other equipment getting too close to the microphone.
Filter
A screen that is put on a microphone to help make the voice actor sound clearer.
Fluctuation (inflection)
How a voice goes up or down during a recording session.
Gobos
Moveable partitions that can be used around a voice over artist while recording to reflect or absorb sound. This can also be used to isolate one voice actor from another in the same booth.
Hard Sell
Hard sell is a type of commercial or audio recording that is often used by high-volume retail clients, like a car dealership or furniture store. “Rush down to Danny’s Car Dealership today while supplies last!”
Hook
When the voice actor begins a spot with a high note, either on the first word or phrase, to grab attention. Then they immediately start dialing it back.
Hot
When a microphone is turned on, it’s referred to as hot.
In the can
This phrase means part of the script or the entire production is complete and approved.
Jingle
A commercial, or part of a commercial, that is a musical.
Level
An engineer or producer might ask ‘for a level’ while a voice actor is in the booth. This is like a sound check. The voice actor will start reading the script at the level they’ll be speaking throughout the recording.
Library
Library music is pre-recorded music beds used in commercials, messages on hold and other commercial recordings. A fee is generally required to be paid by the studio on a per-piece or annual basis to access the library.
Lines
The copy that is read by the voice artist.
Marking Copy
This is literally marking scripts with lines, circling words for emphasis, etc. Some voice actors mark copy to better follow voicing instructions.
Master
The final approved recording.
Mic
The microphone.
Mix
The blend of music, sound effects and voice overs, usually referring to the finished and accepted recording.
Mouth Noise
The clicks and pops a mic will pick up from a voice actor. This usually happens if their mouth is dry.
Music Bed
The background music that will play behind the voiced copy.
Off and On Mic
This refers to either speaking directly into a mic or away from it. For example, if the script calls for shouting, the actor will typically turn their head away from the mic and voice it off mic.
Over-the-Top
A voice direction that will make the copy sound larger-than-life. It calls for the voice actor to overact.
Pace
How fast or slow the voice actor reads the script.
Paper Noise
Just that. The mic picks up the noise made by moving a paper script. That’s why there are typically stands in a recording booth, to eliminate paper noise. Nowadays, a voiceover artist can read from a tablet or digital device.
Phonetic
The spelling of vocal sounds which express pronunciations of words. It is a system of spelling in which each letter represents invariably the same spoken sound. Example – Nike (nye-kee)
Pitch
The musical level a voice actor speaks.
Playback
Listening to what has just been recorded.
Pop
Some voice sounds will create a popping sound in the mic. Voice actors must be careful when voicing words that start with P and B sounds. Having a foam cover over the microphone or a screen can reduce or eliminate popping.
Post-Production
Post-production is all the work done after the voice actor has finished recording the script. This is when the music and sound effects get mixed in the recording.
Producer
The person in charge of the recording session. Many times, the producer is also the sound engineer and director rolled into one!
Promo
A commercial spot used by radio or television stations to increase audience awareness of something the station is doing. For example, a promo will run to advertise radio contests or upcoming television programming.
PSA
Public Service Announcement.
Read
The style of reading a voice actor does when voicing a script. You might hear us refer to a ‘strong read’.
Reverb
A type of effect added to the voiceover in post-production. It is like an echo effect.
Rough Mix
This is when all the components of the recoding, including voice, music and sound effects are fine tuned. The last step before the final mix.
Run-Through
The ‘rehearsal read’ of a script by voice talent. It’s like a dress rehearsal, before the recording starts.
Safety
“Let’s do one more for safety” is a phrase you might hear a producer say. It’s basically a retake of a voice over. Sometimes because there was something wrong with the first one, but many times to have a backup.
SFX
Short term for sound effects.
Session
The time slot where a voice actor performs and records a script.
Shave
To pare down the read during recording. That might mean speeding up the read or cutting words.
Spec
Spec spots are used to help sell a client on the commercial. For example, a radio station account executive might have a voice actor and producer create an example commercial for them to use as a sales tool for a prospective advertiser. This would be a spec spot.
Spot
A commercial. Back in the day, commercials were performed live between songs and other programming. The performers were literally “on the spot”!
Station ID
This refers to the short sound clip where the call letters of the station are announced.
Storyboard
A storyboard is a script that includes visual conceptions for a television or video production. It gives the voice talent an idea of what will be happening visually while the voiceover is playing.
Studio
Where all the magic happens. All recording and mixing are done in the studio.
Sync
Aligning tracks to start or end together or matching a voice from a prior take.
Tag
The information placed at the end of a spot that contains things like a date, website, phone number or legal disclaimer.
Take
The recording of a section of voiceover copy.
Talent
Refers to the voiceover artist, entertainer or broadcast performer.
Tease
The beginning part of a recording that is used to gain interest.
Tempo
The speed the copy is voiced and delivered.
Tight
When the script gives very little wiggle room in terms of length. Often the script itself will be a little too long to fit into a certain time frame.
Track
Refers to an actual piece of audio, or to record audio.
VO
Short for voiceover.
Wrap
No, not a falafel wrap! It’s a term said by a producer at the end of a session.
Have questions? We’re happy to answer them for you. Contact us here.